7/31/2023 0 Comments Pathology meaning![]() Diseases that can cause immunodeficiency include HIV, AIDS and leukemia. The two types are Primary Immunodeficiency, where the immune system is either missing a key component or does not function properly, and Secondary Immunodeficiency, where disease is obtained from an outside source, like radiation or heat, and therefore cannot function properly. The immune system's ability to combat it is either hindered or completely absent. The third and final type of complication with the immune system is Immunodeficiency, where the immune system lacks the ability to fight off a certain disease. ![]() A few examples of autoimmune diseases are Type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease and Celiac disease. Inflammation is a prime example of autoimmunity, as the immune cells used are self-reactive. The second kind of complication in the immune system is Autoimmunity, where the immune system would attack itself rather than the antigen. The problems that arise from each type vary from small allergic reactions to more serious illnesses such as tuberculosis or arthritis. There are four different types (type one, two, three and four), all with varying types and degrees of an immune response. The first would be Hypersensitivity reactions, where there would be a stronger immune response than normal. These diseases can come from one of the following problems. There are certain problems or faults in the immune system that can lead to more serious illness or disease. A possible definition of Immunopathology is how the foreign antigens cause the immune system to have a response or problems that can arise from an organism's own immune response on itself. These responses are the immune system fighting off the foreign antigens, whether they are deadly or not. When a foreign antigen enters the body, there is either an antigen specific or nonspecific response to it. Vaccines serve to activate the Primary Immune Response through exposure to weakened or less dangerous antigens, preparing the body's memory cells for the purpose of the immune system being more equipped to handle the equivalent full scale antigen. This results in more effective elimination of the pathogen. When the same pathogen enters the body again, the memory cells are quickly activated, leading to a faster and more efficacious response compared to the primary immune response. During the Primary Immune Response, memory cells are generated that remember the specific pathogen and how to target it. The Secondary Immune Response occurs upon subsequent encounters with the same pathogen. During this initial response, the immune system identifies and targets the pathogen through various mechanisms, including the activation of immune cells such as T cells and B cells, which produce antibodies that specifically target the pathogen. The Primary Immune Response refers to the first exposure and subsequent response of the immune system to a pathogen. Nested within Adaptive immunity are the Primary and Secondary Immune Responses. The more the system is exposed to the antigen, the quicker it will build up its responsiveness. The immune system then builds a memory of that antigen, which enables it to recognize the antigen quicker in the future and be able to combat it quicker and more efficiently. When the antigen is originally introduced, the organism does not have any receptors for the antigen so it must generate them from the first time the antigen is present. A key part of adaptive immunity that separates it from innate is the use of memory to combat the antigen in the future. ![]() Because of its tailored response characteristic, adaptive immunity is considered to be specific immunity. Once the antigen is recognized, a specific response is produced in order to destroy the specific antigen. This form of immunity requires recognition of the foreign antigen before a response is produced. The second form of immunity is Adaptive immunity. It is composed of physical blockades such as the skin, but also contains nonspecific immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and basophils. It is usually a more immediate response than the adaptive immune system, usually responding within minutes to hours. Innate immunity is used to fight off non-changing antigens and is therefore considered nonspecific. In all vertebrates, there are two different kinds of immunities: Innate and Adaptive immunity. avian flu leads to a cytokine storm which contributes to the increased mortality rate). It could be due to mismatch between pathogen and host species, and often occurs when an animal pathogen infects a human (e.g. In biology, it refers to damage caused to an organism by its own immune response, as a result of an infection. It includes the study of the pathology of an organism, organ system, or disease with respect to the immune system, immunity, and immune responses. ![]() Immunopathology is a branch of medicine that deals with immune responses associated with disease.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |